from Introduction to Philosophy
- [What is philosophy?
- Philosophy is the study of the world view of what the world is like, and the view of life of what life is like, what human beings do, and how they should live.
- philosophia : love knowledge.
- Sophia (knowledge) included technical intelligence. Purification began with Plato.
- Plato classified knowledge into two categories
- The knowledge that philosophy pursues is episteme, and that
- Plato did not define philosophy itself. It was Aristotle who first defined it.
- Aristotle. used philosophia in the sense of what we now call “scholarship.”
- Philosophia includes physics and other sciences.
- The next volume of physics, metaphysica, what is now called philosophy, was called “first philosophy,” the study of existence itself.
-
His writings were arranged by Andronicus around A.D. 30, when a group of writings pertaining to the foundation and root of his quest was placed after the group of naturalistic writings classified as the Ta Physika (rare: τὰ φυσικά, ta physika, the book about nature (about)). Since the group of works did not have a definite name, the early Aristotelian school called this group of works the ta meta ta physika (τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά, after (the book about) nature). This was shortened and became established as “metapysica” (R: μεταφυσικά, R: metaphysica), which became the root of each Indo-European word in later periods, for example, the word “metaphysics” (metaphysics) in English.
-
- In other parts of the book, he also said that philosophy reveals the highest principles and causes.
- It is not clear what Aristotle thought of the relationship between existence and cause. Perhaps he thought that true existence is the true cause.
- Aristotle considered philosophy thoroughly and purely as a theoretical matter.
- On the other hand, there are those who have come up with philosophies that answer practical questions. They are Stoa and Epicurus.
- The store believed that the purpose of philosophy was the Pursuit of Virtue.
- Epicurean cross believed that the goal of philosophy was the rational acquisition of happiness.
- Although the purpose is different, the philosophy is similar in that it is not simply a search for knowledge for knowledge’s sake, but a way of handling life.
- Of worldview and lifeview, Aristotle focused on the former, Stoa and Epicurus on the latter.
- Later, philosophies aimed at religious salvation, enlightenment (proclaim)
- Then the purpose of philosophy became “to know God,” theology.
- On the other hand, there are those who have come up with philosophies that answer practical questions. They are Stoa and Epicurus.
- The store believed that the purpose of philosophy was the Pursuit of Virtue.
- Epicurean cross believed that the goal of philosophy was the rational acquisition of happiness.
- mediaeval philosophy
- Very strong Christian influence.
This page is auto-translated from [/nishio/西田 幾多郎の「哲学とは」](https://scrapbox.io/nishio/西田 幾多郎の「哲学とは」) using DeepL. If you looks something interesting but the auto-translated English is not good enough to understand it, feel free to let me know at @nishio_en. I’m very happy to spread my thought to non-Japanese readers.